Tram Wikipedia. This article is about public transport vehicles running on rails. For other uses of tram, see Tram disambiguation. A tram also tramcar and in North Americastreetcar, trolley, trolley car, or cable car is a rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways. Tramways powered by electricity, the most common type historically, were once called electric street railways mainly in the United States due to their being widely used in urban areas before the universal adoption of electrification. Tram lines may also run between cities and towns for example, interurbans, tram train or even countries Basel, Strasbourg, or be partially grade separated even in the cities light rail. Personal site of authoreditor Pat McNees, personal historian and medical historian, bringing a light touch to heavy subjects, helping people and organizations tell. 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Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than conventional trains and rapid transit trains, but the size of trams particularly light rail vehicles is rapidly increasing. Some trams for instance tram trains may also run on ordinary railway tracks, a tramway may be upgraded to a light rail or a rapid transit line, two urban tramways may be connected to an interurban, etc. Ed Coan Powerlifting Programs. Sofia Pro Font Family' title='Sofia Pro Font Family' />For all these reasons, the differences between the various modes of rail transportation are often indistinct. In the United States, the term tram has sometimes been used for rubber tyred trackless trains, which are not related to the other vehicles covered in this article. Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by an overhead pantograph in some cases by a sliding shoe on a third rail, trolley pole or bow collector. If necessary, they may have dual power systemselectricity in city streets, and diesel in more rural environments. Mostardesign/sofia5.png' alt='Sofia Pro Font Family' title='Sofia Pro Font Family' />Trams are now commonly included in the wider term light rail,2full citation needed which also includes segregated systems. Etymology and terminologyeditThe English terms tram and tramway are derived from the Scots word tram,3publisher missing referring respectively to a type of truck goods wagon or freight railroad car used in coal mines and the tracks on which they ran. The word tram probably derived from Middle Flemish trame beam, handle of a barrow, bar, rung, a Romanesque word meaning the beam or shaft of a barrow or sledge, also the barrow itself. The identical word la trame with the meaning crossbeam is also used in the French language. Etymologists believe that the word tram refers to the wooden beams the railway tracks were initially made of before the railroad pioneers switched to the much more wear resistant tracks made of iron and, later, steel. The word Tram car is attested from 1. Font Bros is your source for unique display fonts Browse our library of over 5,000 oneofakind typefaces to find the perfect font youve been looking forFont Squirrel scours the internet for high quality, legitimately free fonts. Download thousands of completely legal, high quality, free fonts. Sofia Pro Font Family' title='Sofia Pro Font Family' />Although the terms tram and tramway have been adopted by many languages, they are not used universally in English North Americans prefer streetcar, trolley, or trolleycar. The term streetcar is first recorded in 1. When electrification came, Americans began to speak of trolleycars or later, trolleys. A widely held belief holds the word to derive from the troller said to derive from the words traveler and roller, a four wheeled device that was dragged along dual overhead wires by a cable that connected the troller to the top of the car and collected electrical power from the overhead wires 6 this portmanteau derivation is, however, most likely folk etymology. Trolley and variants refer to the verb troll, meaning roll and probably derived from Old French,7 and cognate uses of the word were well established for handcarts and horse drayage, as well as for nautical uses. The troller design frequently fell off the wires, and was soon replaced by other more reliable devices, the trolley pole and notably the bow collector. Both were fitted to the top of the car and were spring loaded in order to keep, respectively, a small trolley wheel or grooved lubricated skate mounted at the top of the pole or a steel rod forming the top of the bow firmly in contact with the underside of the overhead wire. The terms trolley pole and trolley wheel both derive from the troller. Trams using trolley pole current collection are normally powered through a single pole, with return current earthed through the steel wheels and rails, though some systems e. London system, used twin overhead wires and poles to avoid the effects of stray currents flowing through the earth. Modern trams often have an overhead pantographmechanical linkage to connect to power, abandoning the trolley pole altogether. The alternative North American term trolley may strictly speaking be considered incorrect, as the term can also be applied to cable cars, or conduit cars that instead draw power from an underground supply. Conventional diesel tourist buses decorated to look like streetcars are sometimes called trolleys in the US tourist trolley. Furthering confusion, the term tram has instead been applied to open sided, low speed segmented vehicles on rubber tires generally used to ferry tourists short distances, for example on the Universal Studios backlot tour and, in many countries, as tourist transport to major destinations. The term may also apply to an aerial ropeway, e. Roosevelt Island Tramway. Over time, the term trolley has fallen into informal use, and may be applied loosely to a wide variety of different vehicle types. Devis Estimatif Construction Pdf. The word has taken on a historic or picturesque connotation, and is often associated with tourist or leisure travel. In North America, professional or formal documents generally use more precise alternative terms, such as streetcar or light rail vehicle LRV. Although the use of the term trolley for tram was not adopted in Europe, the term was later associated with the trolleybus, a rubber tyred vehicle running on hard pavement, which draws its power from pairs of overhead wires. These electric buses, which use twin trolley poles, are also called trackless trolleys particularly in the northeastern US, or sometimes simply trolleys in the UK, as well as in Seattle and Vancouver. HistoryeditHorse drawneditThe very first tram was on the Swansea and Mumbles Railway in South Wales it was horse drawn at first, and later moved by steam and electric power. The Mumbles Railway Act was passed by the British Parliament in 1. US some 3. 0 years later started operating in 1. The first streetcars, also known as horsecars in North America, were built in the United States and developed from city stagecoach lines and omnibus lines that picked up and dropped off passengers on a regular route without the need to be pre hired. Left 4 Dead 2 Game For Laptop on this page. These trams were an animal railway, usually using teams of horses and sometimes mules to haul the cars, usually two as a team. Occasionally other animals were put to use, or humans in emergencies. The first streetcar line, developed by Irish born John Stephenson, was the New York and Harlem Railroads Fourth Avenue Line which ran along The Bowery and Fourth Avenue in New York City. Service began in 1. It was followed in 1. New Orleans, Louisiana, which has the oldest continuously operating street railway system in the world, according to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. In other world regions, the first tramway systems all horse drawn were Continental Europe, 1. Montbrison to Montrond, France South America, 1. Santiago, Chile Africa, 1. Alexandria, Egypt. Oceania, 1. 86. 0 Sydney, Australia Asia, 1.